For those using the new Docker implementation (using Wappler Resource Manager instead of docker-machine), the wappler-compose file can be found somewhere in your project folder (inside folder .wappler).
To update Portainer, a one-time correction needs to be done, replace the image name to:
image: 'portainer/portainer-ce:latest'
The previous image was: (no longer updated)
image: 'portainer/portainer'
Then, whenever you want to update, click the Deploy button on Wappler with Portainer selected: